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scale irrigation schemes is estimated to produce overall net losses in terms of agricultural, fuelwood, and fish production to these households of around US $ 20.2-20.9 million in net present value terms. In addition, the reduction in mean peak flood extent is predicted to cause a one-meter fall in groundwater levels in the shallow aquifers that are recharged by the standing water in the floodplain wetlands, leading to additional annual losses of around $1.2 million in tubewell irrigated dry season agriculture and $4.76 million in domestic water consumption for rural households.
2. Suggestions
Because the tendency for the rural poor to be concentrated in the less favored areas of developing regions has a long history, it is a process that is difficult to reverse. There are several ways in which expanded global efforts can improve the livelihoods of the poor.
The first is to provide financing directly, through involving the poor in payment for ecosystem services schemes and other measures that enhance the environments on which the poor depend. Payments for the conservation of standing forests or wildlife habitat are the most frequent type of compensation programs used currently in developing countries, and they have been mainly aimed at paying landowners for the opportunity costs of preserving natural landscapes that provide one or more diverse services: carbon sequestration,watershed protection, biodiversity benefits, wildlife protection, and landscape beauty. Wherever possible, the payment schemes should be designed to increase the participation of the poor, to reduce any negative impacts on nonparticipants while creating additional job opportunities for rural workers,and to provide technical assistance, access to inputs, credit, and other support to encourage poor smallholders to adopt the desired land use practices. More effort must be devoted to designing projects and programs that include the direct participation of the landless and near landless.
scale irrigation schemes is estimated to produce overall net losses in terms of agricultural, fuelwood, and fish production to these households of around US $ 20.2-20.9 million in net present value terms. In addition, the reduction in mean peak flood extent is predicted to cause a one-meter fall in groundwater levels in the shallow aquifers that are recharged by the standing water in the floodplain wetlands, leading to additional annual losses of around $1.2 million in tubewell irrigated dry season agriculture and $4.76 million in domestic water consumption for rural households.
2. Suggestions
Because the tendency for the rural poor to be concentrated in the less favored areas of developing regions has a long history, it is a process that is difficult to reverse. There are several ways in which expanded global efforts can improve the livelihoods of the poor.
The first is to provide financing directly, through involving the poor in payment for ecosystem services schemes and other measures that enhance the environments on which the poor depend. Payments for the conservation of standing forests or wildlife habitat are the most frequent type of compensation programs used currently in developing countries, and they have been mainly aimed at paying landowners for the opportunity costs of preserving natural landscapes that provide one or more diverse services: carbon sequestration,watershed protection, biodiversity benefits, wildlife protection, and landscape beauty. Wherever possible, the payment schemes should be designed to increase the participation of the poor, to reduce any negative impacts on nonparticipants while creating additional job opportunities for rural workers,and to provide technical assistance, access to inputs, credit, and other support to encourage poor smallholders to adopt the desired land use practices. More effort must be devoted to designing projects and programs that include the direct participation of the landless and near landless.
書摘/試閱
scale irrigation schemes is estimated to produce overall net losses in terms of agricultural, fuelwood, and fish production to these households of around US $ 20.2-20.9 million in net present value terms. In addition, the reduction in mean peak flood extent is predicted to cause a one-meter fall in groundwater levels in the shallow aquifers that are recharged by the standing water in the floodplain wetlands, leading to additional annual losses of around $1.2 million in tubewell irrigated dry season agriculture and $4.76 million in domestic water consumption for rural households.
2. Suggestions
Because the tendency for the rural poor to be concentrated in the less favored areas of developing regions has a long history, it is a process that is difficult to reverse. There are several ways in which expanded global efforts can improve the livelihoods of the poor.
The first is to provide financing directly, through involving the poor in payment for ecosystem services schemes and other measures that enhance the environments on which the poor depend. Payments for the conservation of standing forests or wildlife habitat are the most frequent type of compensation programs used currently in developing countries, and they have been mainly aimed at paying landowners for the opportunity costs of preserving natural landscapes that provide one or more diverse services: carbon sequestration,watershed protection, biodiversity benefits, wildlife protection, and landscape beauty. Wherever possible, the payment schemes should be designed to increase the participation of the poor, to reduce any negative impacts on nonparticipants while creating additional job opportunities for rural workers,and to provide technical assistance, access to inputs, credit, and other support to encourage poor smallholders to adopt the desired land use practices. More effort must be devoted to designing projects and programs that include the direct participation of the landless and near landless.
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