現代中國的述學文體（簡體書）

晚清以降，著作體例與述學文體的巨大變更，使得現代中國的人文學者步履艱難。從當初的“拿來主義”，到今日的“與世界接軌”，在20世紀中國學界，占主導地位的聲音是以“科學”取代“誇飾”。著述的不嚴謹乃至抄襲成風，確實是中國學界的痼疾，可這並不能掩蓋問題的另一面，即人文學本身帶有很強的修辭意味。談論人文學的修辭學，不妨先從述學文體說起，因這既牽涉到學術訓練、表達能力，更根源于文化心態。不管是賡續傳統，還是譯述西學，如何彌合自身文體與論述物件之間的縫隙，都是一個必須直面的難題。本書談論現代中國的述學文體，主要是談在中外新舊文化激烈碰撞的時代，中國學者如何建立“表達”的立場、方式與邊界。

陳平原，廣東潮州人，文學博士，北京大學中文系教授、教育部“長江學者”特聘教授、中央文史館館員。近年關注的課題，包括20世紀中國文學、中國小說與散文、現代中國教育及學術、圖像與文字等。曾被國家教委和國務院學位委員會評為“作出突出貢獻的中國博士學位獲得者”(1991)，獲全國高校第一、二、三屆人文社會科學研究優秀著作獎（1995、1998、2003），第一、二屆王瑤學術獎優秀論文一等獎（2002、2006），北京市第九屆哲學社會科學優秀成果獎一等獎（2006），第三屆全國教育科學研究優秀成果獎二等獎（2006），高等學校科學研究優秀成果獎（人文社會科學）一等獎（2009）等。

前　言···············································1
第一章　現代中國的述學文體
——以“引經據典”為中心 ·····································13
一　作為述學文體表徵的“引語” ···································13
二　明引與暗引 ···························································17
三　正引與反引 ···························································24
四　全引與略引 ···························································29
第二章　有聲的中國
——演說與近現代中國文章變革 ·······························35
一　演說之于“開啟民智” ············································38
二　演說的諸面相 ························································49
三　演說與學堂之關係 ··················································57
四 “學藝”還是“事業” ·············································65
五　文章體式的革新 ·····················································76
六　以“演說”為“著述” ············································85
第三章　學術講演與白話文學
——1922年的“風景” ··········································95
一　四座城市與四位學者（上） ······································98
二　四座城市與四位學者（下） ····································· 105
三　講演者的風采 ······················································· 111
四 “白話”如何“文學” ············································ 122
五　以“講演”為“文章” ··········································· 136
第四章　何為“大學”以及如何“大學”
——蔡元培的學術立場及文體意識 ··························· 144
一　大學史及“蔡元培神話” ········································ 145
二 “博大”而非“精深”的教育家 ································ 151
三 “大學”面面觀 ····················································· 160
四　作為演說家的蔡元培 ·············································· 173
五 “演說”是如何成為“文章”的 ································ 178
六　大學是做出來的，也是講出來的 ······························· 185
第五章　兼及“著作”與“文章”
——關於章太炎的《國故論衡》 ······························ 189
一　學術史家的自我定位 ·············································· 190
二 “精心結構”的“著作” ········································· 194
三　在“管籥”與“堂奧”之間 ····································· 199
四 “文實閎雅”的著述 ··············································· 203
第六章　“元氣淋漓”與“絕大文字”
——梁啟超及“史界革命”的另一面 ························ 209
一 “史界革命”與“文界革命” ··································· 210
二　政論文章與歷史著述 ·············································· 216
三 “極宜著意修飾”的“論學文字” ····························· 226
四　史家的“文人習氣” ·············································· 232
第七章　分裂的趣味與抵抗的立場
——魯迅的述學文體及其接受 ·································242
一　文體家的別擇 ·······················································242
二　論著、雜文與演講 ·················································250
三　古書與口語的糾葛 ·················································258
四　直譯的主張與以文言述學 ········································263
五　文體的“抵抗” ····················································274
第八章　“精心結構”與“明白清楚”
——胡適述學文體研究 ··········································282
一 “論學”與“述學” ···············································284
二　述學文體之選擇 ····················································293
三　文章結構與名學根基 ··············································304
四　演講興趣與文章功底 ··············································313
附錄一　關於現代中國的“述學文體” ···································322
附錄二　如何“述學”，什麼“文體” ····································334
引用及參考書目 ·································································346
人名索引 ··········································································358
書名、篇名索引 ·································································369
後　記 ·············································································394