「假設最少的解釋，往往最接近真理。」當要在競爭理論中做出選擇時，奧坎剃刀給我們一個原則――簡約原則這原則近八百年來讓人類解放了科學、型塑了宇宙。知名生物學家約翰喬伊•麥克法登（JonJoe McFadden）解說「奧坎的剃刀」（Occam’s Razor）原理如何促成自然科學的無限發展並形塑世界。「奧坎的剃刀」主張「如非必要，勿增添實體」，亦即「假設最少的解釋，往往最接近真理」，此原理在14世紀由方濟會修士奧坎的威廉（William of Occam）提出，主因中世紀繁瑣的哲學爭論而生。在《越簡單越強大》一書中，麥克法登以科學家身分追溯百年來的自然科學發現，從地心說到量子力學、遺傳學，簡約原則是破解這些重大謎團的關鍵，形塑了我們對這個宇宙的瞭解。 作者更舉例說明，除了自然科學的突破受到簡約原則的深刻影響，莎士比亞也曾說：「簡潔是智慧的靈魂。」（Brevity is the soul of wit），簡約原則在文學、戲劇、詩歌、工業革命、蘋果（Apple）的產品設計、建築物的線條、現代文化中皆是被廣泛遵從的中心理念。簡約原則所擁有的顛覆力量，摧毀了多餘的假設，催生了我們看待世界的全新方式。它不僅是種審美品質，也讓我們在更深刻形式的直覺理解中體驗到振奮的力量。它透過自然史及人類起源的再鑄過程，作者將帶領我們重新認識自身及世界，看見複雜事物背後的真理，並正確知曉奧坎的剃刀的偉大及重要性。
Scientists have a choice concerning what role they should play in political debates and policy formation, particularly in terms of how they present their research. This book is about understanding this choice, what considerations are important to think about when deciding, and the consequences of such choices for the individual scientist and the broader scientific enterprise. Rather than prescribing what course of action each scientist ought to take, the book aims to identify a range of options for individual scientists to consider in making their own judgments about how they would like to position themselves in relation to policy and politics. Using examples from a range of scientific controversies and thought-provoking analogies from other walks of life, The Honest Broker challenges us all - scientists, politicians and citizens - to think carefully about how best science can contribute to policy-making and a healthy democracy.
